![]() ![]() The first sub-stage is known as the latent phase, which can last for several hours and starts from the cervical size of 0 cm to dilation of the cervix to 6 cm. The first stage of labor is divided into two sub-stages. The first stage of labor is the longest stage of labor it is the result of progressive and rhythmic uterine contraction which causes the cervix to dilate. The management of each stage varies, and exam findings during each of the stages can help identify short-term and long-term complications for the anticipated vaginal delivery such as fetal distress and hypoxemia, cord prolapse, placental abruption, uterine rupture, permanent disability, and maternal and/or fetal death. The labor leading to delivery of a full-term pregnancy is divided into three stages. The preterm birth rate was 9.9%, and the population’s birth rate was 11. According to the latest published data, in the USA, in 2017, there were 3,855,500 births, and 68% (2,621,010) of those were vaginal deliveries. Complications arise during each of the three stages, which can lead to the conversion of the anticipated vaginal delivery to operative cesarean delivery. The labor leading to the delivery is divided into 3 stages, and each stage requires specific management. Of note, with the advent of operative delivery modalities and surgical delivery modalities, the number of patients who reach spontaneous labor has decreased over time, and the induction of labor has increased. Approximately 80% of all singleton vaginal deliveries are at full-term via spontaneous labor, whereas 11% are preterm, and 10% are post-term. Vaginal delivery is preferred considering the morbidity and the mortality associated with operative cesarean births has increased over time.
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